• The androgen receptor gene AR

  2023-01-10

  

  The androgen receptor gene (AR) is located on the X-chromosome and consists of eight exons in humans (Brown et al., 1989; Kuiper et al., 1989). The similar gene structure in mice, monotremes and marsupials indicates AR is highly conserved in mammals (Choong et al., 1998; Faber et al., 1991; He et al

• Expression of Twist and the AR are increased by oxidative

  2023-01-10

  

  Expression of Twist1 and the AR are increased by oxidative stress, but the change in the receptor (mRNA/protein) is lost after treatment with siRNAs that target Twist 1 (Shiota et al., 2010). Twist 1 was found to bind to E-boxes, 5′-CANNTG-3′, in the proximal promoter (−442 to +51 bp) and upstream r

• br Acknowledgments This work was supported by

  2023-01-09

  

  Acknowledgments This work was supported by Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (S) (20229008) (to T.K.), Targeted Proteins Research Program (to T.K.), the Global COE Research Program (to T.K.) and Translational Systems Biology and Medicine Initiative (to T.K.) from the Ministry of Education, Cul

• The observation that vortioxetine blocks HT induced currents

  2023-01-09

  

  The observation that vortioxetine blocks 5-HT-induced currents in 5-HT3 receptor-expressing oocytes suggests that vortioxetine acts to functionally antagonize these receptors, and is in line with previously published data (Bang-Andersen et al., 2011). For example, Mørk et al. (2012) demonstrated tha

• Application of the broad acting HTR antagonist methiothepin

  2023-01-09

  

  Application of the broad-acting 5-HTR antagonist methiothepin (Bard et al., 1996, Hoyer et al., 1994, Peroutka, 1990) converted the TBS-induced response of both thalamocortical and intracortical A1 synapses from LTP to LTD, an effect that was mimicked by the selective 5-HT2R antagonist ketanserin (L

• br A Rs which were

  2023-01-09

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including 3'-O-(2-nitrobenzyl)-2'-dATP mg involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CN

• Although the effects of adenosine receptor signaling in acut

  2023-01-09

  

  Although the effects of adenosine receptor signaling in acute renal IRI have been attributed to the generation of high concentrations of adenosine, we have recently reported an increase in kidney levels of both AMP and adenosine, with a concomitant fall in ATP and ADP. We have also previously demons

• br Results br Discussion The actin cytoskeleton

  2023-01-09

  

  Results Discussion The TPMPA cytoskeleton is a highly attractive target for many bacterial toxins, owing to its role in activation and locomotion of immune cells, secretion of humoral response factors, and maintenance of protective barriers at the cellular (sub-membrane cytoskeleton) and orga

• GMF was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes

  2023-01-09

  

  GMFβ was later localized to the cytosol of primary astrocytes and glioma cell lines [67], prompting investigations into its involvement in intracellular signaling. It was found that PKA phosphorylation of GMFβ inhibits the ERK1/2 branch of the MAP kinase pathway [73], yet activates the stress-respon

• In addition to the above mentioned synaptic

  2023-01-09

  

  In addition to the above-mentioned synaptic mechanisms, the serotonergic system also has a critical role in the antidepressant effects of mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists. Indeed, we previously reported that mGlu2/3 receptor antagonists increased the firing rate of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe

• Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate

  2023-01-09

  

  Polyphenols like flavonoids have the potential to penetrate into lipid bilayers which is vital for enabling protection against oxidation. Rosmarinic SKF 86002 dihydrochloride is a natural polyphenol antioxidant isolated from Sphaeranthus amaranthoides. Polyphenols can inhibit the propagation of lip

• The co crystal structure of blebbistatin bound to

  2023-01-09

  

  The co-crystal structure of ()-blebbistatin ()- bound to myosin II (PDB: ) was used to scout for possible favorable interactions with the residues lining the binding pocket. Looking at A, we hypothesized that -oriented hydrophilic moieties (e.g. hydroxymethyl) on C of the blebbistatin scaffold might

• This project was funded by the

  2023-01-09

  

  This project was funded by the University of the Philippines Diliman through the Natural Sciences Research Institute with grant No. CHE-09-2-02. Introduction There is compelling evidence for an anti-inflammatory effect of 12- and 15-lipoxygenases through the generation of lipid mediators involve

• br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous enzymes

  2023-01-09

  

  Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases

• br Conflict of interest statement br

  2023-01-09

  

  Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgement Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOs) are enzymes catalyzing the positional as well as stereo-specific introduction of molecular oxygen into 1,4-pentadiene structures found in unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic selonsertib or linoleic acid

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