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br Acknowledgments br Introduction The incidence of cholangi
2022-03-17
Acknowledgments Introduction The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor found in both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary epithelia [1], has been increased worldwide over the past two decades [2]. The prognosis of CCA patients are generally poor, due to the lack of early detecti
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Finally the formation of a regular
2022-03-16
Finally, the formation of a regular network of fusion glycoproteins in their post-fusion state is not exclusive of vesiculovirus G. More or less regular networks have been also observed with other class III fusion glycoproteins such as pseudorabies gB [85] and several class II fusion glycoproteins [
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Apart from a few mutations which
2022-03-16
Apart from a few mutations, which affect intracellular and extracellular loops of hCRT-1, the mutations are primarily found in the hydrophobic core of the transporter; in fact, TMDs 7 and 8 appear to be a hot spot for mutations (Freissmuth et al., 2018). Several mutations are found at positions, whi
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br Voltage dependent anion channel VDAC
2022-03-16
Voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC is a ubiquitous protein showing well conserved structural and functional properties in spite of major variations in its sequence (for review see [50]). Most of what we know about VDAC electrophysiological properties (for reviews, see [51], [52]) was initially
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Conversely we find that dysfunction
2022-03-16
Conversely, we find that dysfunction in lysosomal-autophagy system observed in human APP and PSEN1 mutant neurons can be reversed by β-secretase inhibition, which reduces the supply of APP-β-CTF to the late endosome and/or lysosome (Jiang et al., 2010). These data argue that accumulation and/or alte
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br Results br Discussion Glucose homeostasis is regulated by
2022-03-16
Results Discussion Glucose homeostasis is regulated by a complex and intricate signaling network involving multiple organs. The BA nuclear receptor FXR is integrated into this regulatory network and participates in glucose handling and metabolism. Intestinal FXR favors glucose NVP-TAE684 and
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The C terminal regions in both FGF and
2022-03-16
The C-terminal regions in both FGF19 and FGF21 define their KLB interaction [15], [16], [23], [25]. However, less than 40% identity in comparative alignment of C-terminal sequences for these two proteins (Table 1) suggests that their interaction with KLB may require higher-order association with oth
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br Promotion of GLS expression Glutamine
2022-03-15
Promotion of GLS2 expression Glutamine metabolism is another target for alteration in ferroptosis. Glutamine is required for the induction of ferroptosis during serum-induced injury after amino Auranofin receptor starvation [72]. The first step of glutamine catabolism is its conversion to glutam
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gamma-Glu-Cys sale Another important question for future stu
2022-03-15
Another important question for future studies will be whether FAAH inhibitors work to normalize impairments in fear extinction that are known to be produced by environmental insults such as exposure to abused drugs and stress 97, 103. Indeed, several authors have posited utility of FAAH inhibitors f
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Previous studies have shown that HER
2022-03-15
Previous studies have shown that HER2 is also involved in IL-6 expression and signaling. IL-6, HER2, and GP130, the beta-subunit of the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), are physically associated and co-immunoprecipitate in response to IL-6 stimulation [1]. IL-6 induced HER2 clustering to the GP130 complex, l
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In contrast the sGC activator
2022-03-15
In contrast, the sGC activator BAY 58-2667 relaxed the CC in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 4B), a response that was significantly increased in the CC of sGCβ1ki/ki mice compared with WT mice. The finding that BAY 58-2667 also possessed a corporal relaxing effect in WT mice is suggestive b
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Despite efforts over the past decade
2022-03-15
Despite efforts over the past decade to shed light on the endosomal maturation process and its underlying Rab conversion, the context in which all the involved protein components interact needs to be further elucidated. After defining single components and modules of the machinery important for endo
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Several studies have proposed that high
2022-03-15
Several studies have proposed that high levels of KYNA in the SB 525334 australia contribute to cognitive dysfunctions presented by patients who suffer from schizophrenia [30], [31], [32], [33]. Considering that: (i) KYNA is a known GPR35 agonist [2], (ii) cognitive impairments in patients with schi
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In the present study we conducted a search for
2022-03-15
In the present study, we conducted a search for other possible endogenous ligands for GPR35. We focused on lysophospholipids because of the homology (30%) between GPR35 and GPR55 whose endogenous ligand is lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) [9], especially 2-arachidonoyl LPI [10]. Notably, the GPR35 gen
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Migratory properties of Treg are
2022-03-15
Migratory properties of Treg are extremely important for the potential in vivo application. Therefore, the observed expression of CXCR3 on almost all obtained insulin-specific Treg is crucial for directing G-1 receptor into the inflamed tissue (in this case pancreatic islets). CXCR3 responds to CXC
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