• br Sources of funding br Disclosures br Acknowledgments br

  2021-04-20

  

  Sources of funding Disclosures Acknowledgments Introduction Insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells is a fundamental process to maintain blood glucose homeostasis. During glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, high glucose causes closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels), sub

• It is well known that acrolein a metabolite of cyclophospham

  2021-04-20

  

  It is well known that acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, is responsible for the cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and that acrolein is capable of activating TRPA1 channels expressed in the capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents [2], [11]. In this context, it is likely that the early phase o

• Obviously there are some limitations in our study due to

  2021-04-20

  

  Obviously, there are some limitations in our study; due to sample constraints, we had to focus our efforts on one specific T cell epitope from one candidate autoantigen. Optimally, we could have studied several different peptides in parallel. Additionally, all RA patients included in the study have

• Cyclosporine NEORAL Oral Solution Novartis is an immunosuppr

  2021-04-20

  

  Cyclosporine (NEORAL® Oral Solution, Novartis) is an immunosuppressant widely used in organ transplantation and many other clinical conditions [12]. It undergoes extensive hepatic and intestinal biotransformation mainly via the metabolizing enzyme, CYP3A4 [[12], [13], [14], [15]]. Considering the na

• Of note BRQ and LFM are

  2021-04-20

  

  Of note, BRQ and LFM are two well-known immunosuppressive agents (Batt, 1999). As for LFM, it was reported as immunosuppressive therapy for bone marrow (Avery et al., 2004) and renal (Chon and Josephson, 2011) transplantation. Accumulating evidence indicated that organ transplant patients irrelevant

• In this review we first

  2021-04-20

  

  In this review, we first introduce the in vivo metabolism profile of VD3, and the mediation of Cyp3a gene transcription by PXR and CAR in humans, mice and rats. We then focus on the species-specific VDR-dependent regulation of human (CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and CYP3A7), mouse (mainly CYP3A11 and CYP3A13), an

• br Prostaglandin D PGD is

  2021-04-20

  

  Prostaglandin D (PGD) is derived from the metabolism of arachidonic sh4 synthesis by cyclooxygenases and downstream PGD synthases. In the immune system, PGD is mainly produced by mast cells but also although at lower levels, by macrophages and Th2 lymphocytes. PGD binds to three different recepto

• Unlike CRM exportins Cse and

  2021-04-20

  

  Unlike CRM1, exportins Cse1 and Xpot lack a C-extension and instead rely primarily on changes in HEAT-repeat conformation and direct Ran-cargo contacts to ensure low cargo-binding affinity in the cytosol and cooperative assembly of the exportin/Ran/cargo complex in the nucleus (Cook et al., 2005, Co

• Sex has been shown to mediate the relationship

  2021-04-19

  

  Sex has been shown to mediate the relationship between allelic differences in COMT and behavior (Harrison & Tunbridge, 2008). The COMT promoter region contains 2 estrogen response elements (Xie, Ho, & Ramsden, 1999) that can inhibit the formation of COMT (Jiang, Xie, Ramsden, & Ho, 2003). With regar

• To investigate the mechanism of action of trisubstituted azo

  2021-04-19

  

  To investigate the mechanism of action of 2,4,5-trisubstituted azoles, we profiled selected 2,4,5-trisubstituted azoles against a panel of 97 kinases to identify potential targets that could be involved in cardiogenesis. We narrowed down the identified targets to the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family due

• Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type

  2021-04-19

  

  Selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5I) is commonly used for ED treatment. PDE5I exhibits its vasodilatory effect by inhibiting the degradation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which relaxes the smooth muscle and allows increased blood flow for penile tumescence. Udenafil (D

• br Concluding remarks Some of the

  2021-04-19

  

  Concluding remarks Some of the clinical trials of putative neutral competitive ERAs have been less successful than anticipated 6, 8, 11. This might be because of underestimation of the complexity of the molecular pharmacology of ETA. To resolve this, it will be necessary to define the signaling

• Soon after the discovery of ET

  2021-04-19

  

  Soon after the discovery of ET1 and the cloning of its ETA and ETB receptors, low-molecular-weight compounds were identified that can prevent the binding and effects of radioactively labeled ET1 3, 5, 6, 8. Initially, these ERAs resulted from screening efforts (e.g. BQ123 39, 49 and bosentan [50]).

• br Methods br Results Main characteristics of study populati

  2021-04-19

  

  Methods Results Main characteristics of study population are presented in Table 1. AD cases had higher co-morbidity score and lower socioeconomic position than controls. Women with AD had undergone any surgery (unilateral/bilateral oophorectomy, hysterectomy, hysterectomy with bilateral oophor

• A variety of epidemiological and clinical

  2021-04-19

  

  A variety of epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that light alcohol consumption may exert a favorable effects on BP levels but chronic heavy alcohol consumtion causes sustained BP elevation [16], [17]. The hypertensive effect of heavy drinking occurs with all forms of alcohol (i.e. beer win

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