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Total synthesis requires the two key intermediates and which
2019-11-29
Total synthesis requires the two key intermediates 3 and 7, which were synthesized using the route described in below. Phenylethylamine 3 was readily synthesized from vanillin or isovanillin; the overall yield was 50–52%. To prepare the intermediates 7, bromination of 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetate wit
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During host cell interactions G
2019-11-28
During host-cell interactions, G. intestinalis trophozoites up-regulate several cell-associated proteins, including high-cysteine membrane proteins (HCMPs) and variant surface proteins (VSPs) [8]. The parasite also releases around 200 proteins upon host-cell contact, including many proteases [9,10].
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We further examined our hypothesis
2019-11-28
We further examined our hypothesis that the activation of CRF and CCK systems is responsible for the enhanced anxiety-like behavior induced by immobilization stress using two antagonists to block the expression of CRF1 and CCK2 receptors. It was found that CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945 or CRF1 ant
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SPR was used to measure biomolecular kinetic interactions be
2019-11-28
SPR was used to measure biomolecular kinetic interactions between TERRA G-quadruplex and ligand in the present study. SPR is a widely used method, but cannot tell which specific type of interaction happened. Compounds with similar structures probably have similar mechanism of interaction, while comp
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We consider the following perturbation
2019-11-28
We consider the following perturbation of problem (2):where ∊>0 is an identity element. For a given ∊, we solve problem (3) to get the solution (x, y, λ). As ∊ decreases slowly toward 0, the optimum of F follows to the global optimum of F0. This set of constraint conditions is called the central pat
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br Conflict of interest statement br References
2019-11-28
Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as: Acknowledgements We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (Federal
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br Substrate characterization of candidate peptide reporters
2019-11-28
Substrate characterization of candidate peptide reporters in a library Measurement of resistance to intracellular proteases Use of capillary zone electrophoresis for assay readout Selection of lead peptide from small library screen Characterization of final reporter Additional modif
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The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends
2019-11-28
The glycolytic pathway is a catabolic route that ends with the synthesis of pyruvate (Pyr). In Arabidopsis embryos, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to Pyr, catalyzed by pyruvate kinase (PK), is mainly located in the plastids [10], [11]. The preceding reaction is catalyzed by enolase (ENO
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Apart from the ET system s
2019-11-28
Apart from the ET system\'s role in regulating blood vessel tone, it is also involved in a variety of cellular processes that are relevant to DR. For example, the ET receptors influence the survival of retinal ganglion Cholesterol (McGrady et al., 2017; Tonari et al., 2012), development of the retin
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2 deoxy d glucose The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin
2019-11-28
The small GTPase Ran regulates karyopherin–cargo interactions and the directionality of karyopherin-mediated transport. Like other Ras-family GTPases, Ran cycles between GTP- and GDP-bound states, and the two surface loops in Ran, referred to as the switch I and switch II loops, undergo significant
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Models and theories The CPA equation of state is
2019-11-28
Models and theories The CPA equation of state is composed predominantly of two parts: physical item and the association item based on the thermodynamic perturbation theory [21], [22], [26], [27]. The physical item is used to represent intermolecular physical interaction, usually representing the SR
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Secondary and primary studies have considered the decision t
2019-11-28
Secondary and primary studies have considered the decision to select the provider and to select components after the component origin is chosen. Examples of secondary and primary studies outside our scope, but still related to decision-making are listed in Tables 1 and 2. The secondary and primary s
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br Halogenases Enzymatic C H activation leading to
2019-11-27
Halogenases Enzymatic C–H activation leading to halogenation is another emerging area in biocatalysis [55,56]. Incorporation of halogen atoms during medicinal chemistry eff ;orts is a well-established practice, presenting an effective means to control the molecule’s bioactivity and physicochemical
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Given the potency enhancing effect of the butyl group this
2019-11-27
Given the potency enhancing effect of the 4--butyl group, this substitution was incorporated into the Eastern portion of the molecule for further SAR investigations (). Removal of the phenol group (SR19822) or moving it from the -position to the -position (SR19552) or led to significant loss of acti
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The mechanisms by which Cav enhances
2019-11-27
The mechanisms by which Cav-1 enhances embryonal tumor progression are currently unknown. Given the documented ability of Cav-1 to drive increased biogenesis of caveolae and accelerate the flow of nutrients (mostly glucose and fatty acids) across the membrane, as observed in particular in adipocytes
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