• br Experimental Procedure br Acknowledgment This

  2020-04-09

  

  Experimental Procedure Acknowledgment This work was supported by Ministry of Education, Singapore (MoE Tier-2) grant (R-154-000-625-112) and R154-000-A72-114 (AcRF Tier 1 grant) respectively. We acknowledge the Advanced Photon Source Beamline 24-ID-C, Argonne National Laboratory, USA. D.N. is

• Programmed cellular death or apoptosis

  2020-04-09

  

  Programmed cellular death or apoptosis is a process genetically controlled that plays an important role in cellular homeostasis, being an important defense mechanism to remove cells that have been infected, damaged or mutated (Smith and Smith, 2012, Wlodkowic et al., 2011). Nevertheless, apoptosis s

• The reaction of chitosan with DVS should take place primaril

  2020-04-09

  

  The reaction of chitosan with DVS should take place primarily through a nucleophilic attack of the vinyl sulfone groups to the amino groups in chitosan [39,50], although its hydroxyl groups can also be involved, as it happens when using agarose [35]. These reactions create very stable secondary amin

• A variety of epidemiological and clinical studies suggest th

  2020-04-09

  

  A variety of epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that light alcohol consumption may exert a favorable effects on BP levels but chronic heavy alcohol consumtion causes sustained BP elevation [16], [17]. The hypertensive effect of heavy drinking occurs with all forms of alcohol (i.e. beer win

• br Acknowledgements We thank Dr Tai Yuan Yu

  2020-04-09

  

  Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Tai-Yuan Yu and Miss Chun-Ping Chang for helping with the drug/DNA sequence specificity study. We also thank the Chemical Synthesis Core and the Pathology Core Laboratory of IBMS for synthesizing SL-1 and for performing the pathology analysis, respectively, and the T

• Imidazo purine diones were another cluster of compounds iden

  2020-04-08

  

  1-Imidazo[2,1-]purine-2,4(3,8)-diones were another cluster of compounds identified from the Chembridge screen (). A benzyl group at the R2 position was preferred over a phenyl or 2-phenylpropyl (. and ), and -substitution of the benzyl group increased potency to the nanomolar level ( IC=0.20μM . ).

• br Are incretins the only mediators of

  2020-04-08

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• To investigate the role of DPP inhibition in inflammation in

  2020-04-07

  

  To investigate the role of DPP-4 inhibition in inflammation-induced bone resorption, we evaluated the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone-resorption in vivo. Our results showed that the DPP-4 inhibitor inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorptio

• LPA is known to regulate the peroxisome proliferator activat

  2020-04-07

  

  LPA is known to regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton [58]. However, the physiological functions of LPA in cells are still poorly understood. The simultaneous production of PA with/without 1-LPA or 2-LPA may be important to maximize a

• Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones and was

  2020-04-07

  

  Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones 10 and 11 was accomplished utilizing the synthetic sequence depicted in Scheme 3. Amide coupling of 63 and Forskolin chloride 64 afforded amide 65. Removal of the alcohol protecting group, followed by base catalyzed cyclization afforded a 1:2.4 mix

• AQP protein expression was determined by Western blot analys

  2020-04-07

  

  AQP4 protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Briefly, protein samples (50μg) from brains or astrocytes were separated by 12% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against AQ

• Evidence for interactions between the endothelin

  2020-04-07

  

  Evidence for interactions between the endothelin and the angiotensin system has also become plentiful. It has become clear that the two systems, in addition to acting independently, can act synergistically (Emori et al., 1989, Imai et al., 1992) as well as promote the peptide mRNA expression in endo

• Quantum dots QDs which exhibit

  2020-04-07

  

  Quantum dots (QDs), which exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), high extinction coefficients and size-tunable narrow emission have highly attracted great interest in various applications such as in solar cells, sensors, and bioimaging [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. However, QDs suffere

• Interestingly our analyses of human PBMCs using

  2020-04-07

  

  Interestingly, our analyses of human PBMCs using a monoclonal antibody against EBI2 showed that the expression pattern of human EBI2 is largely overlapping with that in mice. Especially Th17 lipid metabolism pathway showed homogeneous high expression of EBI2 compared with Th1 cells, which contained

• Primases are classified into two major groups first the DnaG

  2020-04-07

  

  Primases are classified into two major groups: first, the DnaG primases, found in bacteria and bacteriophages, and second, the archaeoeukaryotic primases. Remarkably, bacterial and archaeoeukaryotic primases have no structural similarity and, presumably, evolved independently (Leipe et al., 1999). T

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