• br Are incretins the only mediators of

  2020-04-08

  

  Are incretins the only mediators of the anti-hyperglycaemic effects of DPP-4 inhibitors? Even though both GLP-1 and GIP were identified as substrates for DPP-4 early on [17], [19], [20], [22], and DPP-4 inhibition in vivo raises levels of the intact endogenous forms of both of them [43], [44], fr

• To investigate the role of DPP inhibition in inflammation in

  2020-04-07

  

  To investigate the role of DPP-4 inhibition in inflammation-induced bone resorption, we evaluated the effect of a DPP-4 inhibitor on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone-resorption in vivo. Our results showed that the DPP-4 inhibitor inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorptio

• LPA is known to regulate the peroxisome proliferator activat

  2020-04-07

  

  LPA is known to regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton [58]. However, the physiological functions of LPA in cells are still poorly understood. The simultaneous production of PA with/without 1-LPA or 2-LPA may be important to maximize a

• Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones and was

  2020-04-07

  

  Preparation of the regioisomeric pyridooxazepinones 10 and 11 was accomplished utilizing the synthetic sequence depicted in Scheme 3. Amide coupling of 63 and Forskolin chloride 64 afforded amide 65. Removal of the alcohol protecting group, followed by base catalyzed cyclization afforded a 1:2.4 mix

• AQP protein expression was determined by Western blot analys

  2020-04-07

  

  AQP4 protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Briefly, protein samples (50μg) from brains or astrocytes were separated by 12% SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. The membranes were reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody against AQ

• Evidence for interactions between the endothelin

  2020-04-07

  

  Evidence for interactions between the endothelin and the angiotensin system has also become plentiful. It has become clear that the two systems, in addition to acting independently, can act synergistically (Emori et al., 1989, Imai et al., 1992) as well as promote the peptide mRNA expression in endo

• Quantum dots QDs which exhibit

  2020-04-07

  

  Quantum dots (QDs), which exhibit excellent fluorescence quantum yields (QYs), high extinction coefficients and size-tunable narrow emission have highly attracted great interest in various applications such as in solar cells, sensors, and bioimaging [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]. However, QDs suffere

• Interestingly our analyses of human PBMCs using

  2020-04-07

  

  Interestingly, our analyses of human PBMCs using a monoclonal antibody against EBI2 showed that the expression pattern of human EBI2 is largely overlapping with that in mice. Especially Th17 lipid metabolism pathway showed homogeneous high expression of EBI2 compared with Th1 cells, which contained

• Primases are classified into two major groups first the DnaG

  2020-04-07

  

  Primases are classified into two major groups: first, the DnaG primases, found in bacteria and bacteriophages, and second, the archaeoeukaryotic primases. Remarkably, bacterial and archaeoeukaryotic primases have no structural similarity and, presumably, evolved independently (Leipe et al., 1999). T

• br Conclusion br Competing interests br Authors contribution

  2020-04-07

  

  Conclusion Competing interests Authors\' contributions Acknowledgements The work was supported by Aurigene Discovery Technologies (M) Sdn. Bhd., Industrial Doctoral Program sponsorship by Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia and research grants by the University of Malaya, grant number

• Various domains of DDR have been shown

  2020-04-07

  

  Various domains of DDR1 have been shown to be important for receptor clustering and its oligomeric status. It is now understood that (i) dimerization [7] and higher-order oligomerization [12], [18] of the DDR1 extracellular domain (ECD) enhance its binding to collagen; (ii) DDR1 exists as non-covale

• br CDK Inhibitors for the Treatment of inflammatory

  2020-04-07

  

  CDK Inhibitors for the Treatment of inflammatory Diseases Several CDKs have been implicated as regulators of inflammatory gene expression. It will thus be very important to determine the relative contributions of the various CDKs and their kinase function on a systematic basis. This work will be

• As shown in Figs a and b

  2020-04-07

  

  As shown in Figs. 3(a) and (b), with the SO effect, the absolute values of the VDEs change by at most 0.19eV. Table 1 also shows that the observed peak splitting energies in the Sm-Ho complexes were reproduced even without the SO effect. Considering its significant importance in the electronic struc

• br Materials and methods br Results Recently a quantitative

  2020-04-07

  

  Materials and methods Results Recently, a quantitative proteomic analysis of C2C12 mouse myoblasts cell line totally deprived of protein kinase CK2 catalytic subunits (CK2α/CK2α′(−/−)), suggested that the cellular expression of HSP27, a chaperone with multiple functions related to proteostasis

• br Results and Discussion br Conclusion What we

  2020-04-06

  

  Results and Discussion Conclusion What we have shown here is that highly specific antagonist can be a very useful tool, can mimic gene KO experiments or even further dissect receptor function. We just took ETA antagonist as an example and found that ETA mediates physiological closure of DA whi

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